Noxtua

Europe's sovereign legal AI with its own European-trained legal LLM

ASReview

Open-source AI-powered systematic review tool for academic researchers

Noxtua

Excellent

25/25

ASReview

Strong

21/25

Score Breakdown

DimensionNoxtuaASReview

Data Residency

Where is your data stored and processed?

Noxtua: Processing occurs exclusively on European infrastructure (Open Telekom Cloud by Deutsche Telekom and IONOS) with no connection to US cloud providers, plus an on-premise deployment option. Best-in-class EU data residency.

ASReview: Fully local application with no cloud dependency. All data stays on the researcher's machine. Dutch university origin ensures EU-aligned development practices.

5/5

Processing occurs exclusively on European infrastructure (Open Telekom Cloud by Deutsche Telekom and IONOS) with no connection to US cloud providers, plus an on-premise deployment option. Best-in-class EU data residency.

5/5

Fully local application with no cloud dependency. All data stays on the researcher's machine. Dutch university origin ensures EU-aligned development practices.

Legal Jurisdiction

Which laws govern the company and your data?

Noxtua: Incorporated in Germany as Noxtua SE (formerly Xayn AG), an EU/EEA entity with no US parent. Designed to meet German professional-secrecy law (§ 43e BRAO, § 203 StGB).

ASReview: Dutch public university (Utrecht University) under full EU/GDPR jurisdiction. Strongest possible EU legal framework. Not subject to US CLOUD Act.

5/5

Incorporated in Germany as Noxtua SE (formerly Xayn AG), an EU/EEA entity with no US parent. Designed to meet German professional-secrecy law (§ 43e BRAO, § 203 StGB).

5/5

Dutch public university (Utrecht University) under full EU/GDPR jurisdiction. Strongest possible EU legal framework. Not subject to US CLOUD Act.

Data Retention & Training

Is your data used for model training?

Noxtua: Explicitly states customer data is never used to train, retrain or improve AI models, with sovereign/on-premise deployment and enterprise DPA-level controls. Specific configurable retention windows are not publicly detailed but the no-training and isolation posture is strong.

ASReview: No cloud component. All data stored locally on the user's device. Complete user control over data retention and deletion. No external data transmission.

5/5

Explicitly states customer data is never used to train, retrain or improve AI models, with sovereign/on-premise deployment and enterprise DPA-level controls. Specific configurable retention windows are not publicly detailed but the no-training and isolation posture is strong.

5/5

No cloud component. All data stored locally on the user's device. Complete user control over data retention and deletion. No external data transmission.

Certifications

ISO 27001, SOC 2, Cyber Essentials, etc.

Noxtua: Extensive published certification stack: ISO 42001 (first German company), ISO 27001, 27017, 27018, 9001, plus BSI C5 and TISAX. No SOC 2 (US-oriented), but European sector and AI-specific certifications exceed the baseline.

ASReview: Academic open-source project without commercial security certifications. Source code publicly auditable. University maintains institutional security standards.

5/5

Extensive published certification stack: ISO 42001 (first German company), ISO 27001, 27017, 27018, 9001, plus BSI C5 and TISAX. No SOC 2 (US-oriented), but European sector and AI-specific certifications exceed the baseline.

2/5

Academic open-source project without commercial security certifications. Source code publicly auditable. University maintains institutional security standards.

Regulatory Fit

Suitability for regulated industries and professional services

Noxtua: Purpose-built for regulated EU legal work, explicitly meeting attorney confidentiality and professional-secrecy requirements, with backing from major law firms and legal publishers. Suitable for the most demanding EU regulated legal and public-sector use.

ASReview: Excellent fit for regulated research environments. Local-only processing eliminates data transfer concerns. Used by healthcare researchers and institutions with strict data governance requirements.

5/5

Purpose-built for regulated EU legal work, explicitly meeting attorney confidentiality and professional-secrecy requirements, with backing from major law firms and legal publishers. Suitable for the most demanding EU regulated legal and public-sector use.

4/5

Excellent fit for regulated research environments. Local-only processing eliminates data transfer concerns. Used by healthcare researchers and institutions with strict data governance requirements.

Total Score

25/25

21/25

Best For

Noxtua

Best for EU-headquartered organisations needing maximum data sovereignty; regulated industries (Dutch DPA (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens)); privacy-conscious teams who need strong data retention controls; organisations that need self-hosted or on-premise deployment; teams on a tight budget.

ASReview

Best for EU-headquartered organisations needing maximum data sovereignty; organisations requiring broad certification coverage (ISO 42001, ISO 27001, ISO 27017); regulated industries (BfDI, BaFin); privacy-conscious teams who need strong data retention controls; organisations that need self-hosted or on-premise deployment; enterprises requiring SSO integration.

Detailed Comparison

ASReview vs Noxtua: Trust & Compliance Comparison

ASReview (ASReview, NL) scores 21/25 overall with a Silver (Strong) trust badge. Open-source AI-powered systematic review tool for academic researchers. Noxtua (Noxtua, DE) scores 25/25 with a Gold (Excellent) trust badge. Europe's sovereign legal AI with its own European-trained legal LLM.

Dimension-by-Dimension Breakdown

#### Data Residency

Both score equally at 5/5.

●ASReview (5/5): Fully local application with no cloud dependency. All data stays on the researcher's machine. Dutch university origin ensures EU-aligned development practices.

●Noxtua (5/5): Processing occurs exclusively on European infrastructure (Open Telekom Cloud by Deutsche Telekom and IONOS) with no connection to US cloud providers, plus an on-premise deployment option. Best-in-class EU data residency.

#### Legal Jurisdiction

Both score equally at 5/5.

●ASReview (5/5): Dutch public university (Utrecht University) under full EU/GDPR jurisdiction. Strongest possible EU legal framework. Not subject to US CLOUD Act.

●Noxtua (5/5): Incorporated in Germany as Noxtua SE (formerly Xayn AG), an EU/EEA entity with no US parent. Designed to meet German professional-secrecy law (§ 43e BRAO, § 203 StGB).

#### Data Retention & Training

Both score equally at 5/5.

●ASReview (5/5): No cloud component. All data stored locally on the user's device. Complete user control over data retention and deletion. No external data transmission.

●Noxtua (5/5): Explicitly states customer data is never used to train, retrain or improve AI models, with sovereign/on-premise deployment and enterprise DPA-level controls. Specific configurable retention windows are not publicly detailed but the no-training and isolation posture is strong.

#### Certifications

Noxtua leads with 5/5 vs 2/5.

●ASReview (2/5): Academic open-source project without commercial security certifications. Source code publicly auditable. University maintains institutional security standards.

●Noxtua (5/5): Extensive published certification stack: ISO 42001 (first German company), ISO 27001, 27017, 27018, 9001, plus BSI C5 and TISAX. No SOC 2 (US-oriented), but European sector and AI-specific certifications exceed the baseline.

#### Regulatory Fit

Noxtua leads with 5/5 vs 4/5.

●ASReview (4/5): Excellent fit for regulated research environments. Local-only processing eliminates data transfer concerns. Used by healthcare researchers and institutions with strict data governance requirements.

●Noxtua (5/5): Purpose-built for regulated EU legal work, explicitly meeting attorney confidentiality and professional-secrecy requirements, with backing from major law firms and legal publishers. Suitable for the most demanding EU regulated legal and public-sector use.

Certifications at a Glance

Certification	ASReview	Noxtua
BSI C5	No	Yes
ISO 27001	No	Yes
ISO 27017	No	Yes
ISO 27018	No	Yes
ISO 42001	No	Yes
ISO 9001	No	Yes
TISAX	No	Yes

Overall Verdict

Noxtua has a clear trust advantage, scoring 25/25 compared to ASReview's 21/25. Noxtua particularly excels in certifications, regulatory fit.

Frequently Asked Questions

Which is better for EU compliance, Noxtua or ASReview?

Noxtua has a TrustKit score of 25/25 while ASReview scores 21/25. Noxtua currently rates higher across data residency, legal jurisdiction, data retention, certifications, and regulatory fit.

How do Noxtua and ASReview compare on data residency?

Noxtua scores 5/5 for data residency (Processing occurs exclusively on European infrastructure (Open Telekom Cloud by Deutsche Telekom and IONOS) with no connection to US cloud providers, plus an on-premise deployment option. Best-in-class EU data residency.), while ASReview scores 5/5 (Fully local application with no cloud dependency. All data stays on the researcher's machine. Dutch university origin ensures EU-aligned development practices.).

Are Noxtua and ASReview GDPR compliant?

Both tools are assessed across five compliance dimensions. Noxtua has a regulatory fit score of 5/5 and ASReview scores 4/5. Check the full comparison above for a detailed breakdown.

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